provides the latest information on what has been evaluated as a possible therapeutic tool in severe autoimmune diseases for the last 20 years. In the neurological field, HSCT has been widely investigated for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and evidence is accumulating about its potential use in neuromyelitis optica, stiff person syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and many immune neuropathies. Besides their strong clinical relevance, studies on HSCT in neurological diseases have contributed to new insights on the pathological mechanisms underlying CNS autoimmunity, hence this volume summarizes that research.