Hermeneutics, a methodology of understanding and explanation of texts has become a branch of philosophy for a long time, but its role has not been evaluated appropriately. In some Eastern countries, hermeneutics is something quite new. Most people in these countries do not know that there is such a theory of explanation as hermeneutics, independent of the dominating ideology. In Vietnam, China, philosophical thought including ancient and modern has had an important impact on the development of the country and the life of the people. Due to language barriers and knowledge restrictions, philosophical classic texts, especially Marxist - Leninist texts were often incorrectly translated and misunderstood, which have really produced negative effects. On the other hand, the uncritical acception of a foreign ideology and its mechanical practical application, irrespective of the concrete historical conditions of the country have been the cause of heavy losses in men's lives, national disunion and the economical and social backwardness of the country.