The current book entitled 'Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology' aiming to provide the theoretical as well as practical knowledge to graduate and undergraduate students of Biotechnology, Microbiology, Environment and alike for following area viz. Microorganisms and Characteristics, History of Microbiology, Structure of Bacterial Cell, Structural Difference Bacteria and Viruses, Structure of Fungi and Algae, Bacterial Growth, Growth Curve and Factors, Reproduction in Bacteria, Bacterial Diseases of Humans, Food Spoilage and Food Preservation, Environmental Microbiology, Water Pollution, Treatment of Waste Water and Sewage, Water Quality Tests, Biogeochemical Cycle, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy, Disposal of Solid Wastes, Oil Spills, Cellulose, Microbes in Food Industry, Production of Beer, Production of Wine, Production of Citric Acid, Production of Amylases, Production of Proteases, Production of Vitamin B12, Production of Biogas, Production of Methane, Production of Hydrogen, Bacteriological Examination of Water, Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons by Microorganisms, Biodegradation of Plastics, Bioremediation, Bioleaching, Biosorption, Biopesticides, Biofertilizers, Biofuels, Biosensors, Bioindicators, etc.