Iodine is a mineral found naturally in certain foods. It is a significant component of triiodothyronine and thyroxine, which are known as thyroid hormones. These hormones regulate various significant biochemical reactions, comprising enzymatic activity and protein synthesis, which are important determining factors of metabolic activity. Iodine is a significant component in the development of fetus and infant, production of thyroid hormone, and holds critical nutritional value at all the stages of human life. Lack of iodine rich diet can lead to developmental and functional abnormalities. Severe iodine deficiency can result in preterm delivery, low birth weight, early abortion, hypothyroidism, mental retardation and neuro-cognitive impairment. Iodine is majorly found in sea foods, animal proteins and to certain extent in foods like milk, cereals and bread. This book provides comprehensive insights on iodine and its intake. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective regarding this mineral and its health effects.