- Conscience How and to what extent have Islamic legal scholars and Middle Eastern lawmakers, as well as Middle Eastern Muslim physicians and patients, grappled with the complex bioethical, legal, and social issues that are raised in the process of attempting to conceive life in the face of infertility? This path-breaking volume explores the influence of Islamic attitudes on Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) and reveals the variations in both the Islamic jurisprudence and the cultural responses to ARTs. Marcia C. Inhorn is the William K. Lanman, Jr. Professor of Anthropology and International Affairs in the Department of Anthropology, and The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale University. Soraya Tremayne is the Founding Director of The Fertility and Reproduction Studies Group, and a Research Associate at the Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Oxford.