Since the first edition published more than 100 years ago, has been the most popular engineering resource of all time. Universally considered the principal reference in the manufacturing and mechanical industries, the is the ultimate collection of essential information needed by engineers, designers, drafters, metalworkers, toolmakers, machinists, educators, students, and serious home hobbyists. From engineering and design departments, machine and metalworking shops, and a wide range of manufacturing and industrial facilities, to countless classrooms and workshops worldwide, this is must-have technical reference. is acknowledged as an exceptionally authoritative and comprehensive, yet highly practical, and easy-to-use tool. The 31st edition of the “Bible of the Mechanical Industries” continues in this tradition.