The identification of medically important fungi is an important area of study that warrants further research. The use of traditional and molecular methods of identification provides new insights into differentiation of species and ultimately the line of treatment can be determined. This book covers a diverse group of medically important fungi and diseases, including common dermatophytes, onychomycosis, Coccidiomycosis, Paracoccidioidomycosis, Mycotic keratitis, Sporotrichosis, Histoplasmosis and determination of identity of medically important fingi by uising modern techniques such as PCH and the use of MALDI-TOF: as a rapid and new approach in fungal diagnosis and differentiation.