There is growing concern about the impact of architecture on the environment, and construction is increasingly moving towards socio-environmental sustainability. However, the search for a harmonious relationship between building, man and nature is nothing new and has often been present in societies, including through vernacular practice. This book discusses the importance of vernacular architecture - in particular the construction of wooden homes in the city of Curitiba and the surrounding region - and demonstrates the application of some of its elements and principles in today's panorama, in order to reduce environmental impact and produce buildings of technical and aesthetic quality.For this analysis, Caixa Econômica's Selo Casa Azul sustainability assessment system was used. This assessment includes socio-economic, functional and environmental comfort aspects. Without advocating the recreation, rescue or regression of this popular architecture - since it is part of its essence to evolve over time until it reaches ideal forms, as it still does today - the aim is to highlight its points of relevance in terms of building sustainability.