Urology is the branch of medicine that is concerned with the pathologies of the male and female urinary and reproductive tracts consisting of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. It also deals with the conditions or disorders of male reproductive organs, such as penis, testes, scrotum, and prostate gland. Major sub-specialties of urology include pediatric urology, urologic oncology, kidney transplant, male fertility, urinary tract stones, female urology and neurourology. The discipline of urology is involved in the treatment of diseases, such as adrenal gland cancer, bladder diseases, erectile dysfunction, kidney diseases, testicular diseases, penile cancer, upper urinary tract cancer, and urethral cancer. This book includes contributions of international experts and scientists which will provide novel insights into the field of urology. Various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing techniques and the evolution of this field have been examined in detail. Researchers and students actively engaged in the study of urology will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.