The text deals with problems of optimal control such as meeting given performance criteria, and stabilization, extending them to neutral shastic difference Volterra equations. In particular, it contrasts the difference analogues of solutions to optimal control and optimal estimation problems for shastic integral Volterra equations with optimal solutions for corresponding problems in shastic difference Volterra equations. commences with an historical introduction to the emergence of this type of equation with some additional mathematical preliminaries. It then deals with the necessary conditions for optimality in the control of the equations and constructs a feedback control scheme. The approximation of shastic quasilinear Volterra equations with quadratic performance functionals is then considered. Optimal stabilization is discussed and the filtering problem formulated. Finally, two methods of solving the optimal control problem for partly observable linear shastic processes, also with quadratic performance functionals, are developed. Integrating the author’s own research within the context of the current state-of-the-art of research in difference equations, hereditary systems theory and optimal control, this book is addressed tospecialists in mathematical optimal control theory and to graduate students in pure and applied mathematics and control engineering.