Physical activity and diet is crucial throughout childhood for maintaining body mass index (BMI), maintaining optimum body composition and lowering the risk of diet-related chronic diseases later in life. Children require a nutritious, well-balanced diet that includes foods from every food category in order to receive a variety of nutrients for good health. Milk and dairy products, grains, oils and fats, beans, meat, as well as vegetables and fruits are important food items for children. Physical activity is necessary for the healthy development and growth of children, as it benefits their minds and bodies. The amount of physical activity required by children varies according to their age. Exercise helps to manage and prevent non-communicable diseases, like diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The symptoms of anxiety and depression are also decreased by exercise. This book covers the role of physical activity, exercise and diet in pediatrics. It will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field.