This book covers the issues encountered in separating the backscatter and transmission terms in the LIDAR equation when profiling the atmosphere with zenith-directed and vertically-scanning Lidars. explains how to manage and interpret the Llidar signals when the uncertainties of the involved atmospheric parameters are not treatable statistically. The author discusses specific scenarios for using specific scenarios for profiling vertical aerosol loading. emphasizes the use of common sense when interacting with potentially large distortions inherent in most inversion techniques. is written for scientists, researchers, and graduate students in Meteorology and Geophysics.