This book looks at the challenges of American manufacturing, transitioning from the Lean Six Sigma era to Manufacturing 4.0. There are excellent manufacturing companies, however the industry as a whole is not on a sustainable path. Through the author's unique view of industry, consulting and academia, strategic shortcomings in building vital human capital related competencies are illustrated. A proposed, hands-on roadmap can guide manufacturing companies in changing course now, and taking the necessary steps to close mostly basic gaps towards a more stable, capable workforce and effective operational leadership. Without a higher level of readiness for further needed upskilling, it will be very difficult for American manufacturing to remain competitive in the global environment of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.