The Mount Sinai Hospital was founded in 1852 as the Jews’ Hospital in the City of New York, but more than a century would pass before a school of medicine was created at Mount Sinai. In , Arthur H. Aufses, Jr., chairman of Mount Sinai's Department of Surgery, and archivist Barbara Niss chronicle the development of the medical school from its origins in the 1960s to the current leadership. The authors examine the social forces that compelled the world-renowned hospital to remake itself as an academic medical center, revealing the school's departure from and subsequent return to its founders' original vision. In addition to a compelling history of each of Mount Sinai’s departments, describes the school’s methods for providing both graduate or resident training and post-graduate physician education. Recognizing Mount Sinai’s central mission as a teaching institution, the authors close their account with perspectives of alumni and current students.