The current evolution of the European economy suggests that in the near future, research in agri-food economy and agri-food production, and agricultural production systems and structures must be redesigned, adapted and developed to respond to the lack of sustainability of agri-food production systems and the current global food crisis. This book analyzes the agricultural paradigm transformations that occur as countries converge on the European agricultural model and what their impact is for sectoral development, while emphasizing their contribution to the redefinition of rural agricultural communities and economy. This book helps develop a theoretical framework by analyzing the specialized empirical literature and techniques used in the field of agricultural economy research, with a focus on the transformation of Romanian agriculture in order to become integrated and respond to the globalization of markets. The book is aimed at students and researchers in agricultural economics, and government and policy makers internationally.