Kinehores orchestrate the faithful transmission of chromosomes from one generation to the next. Kinehores were first depicted over 100 years ago, but kinehore research has progressed by leaps and bounds since the first description of their constituent DNA and proteins in the 1980s. “The Kinehore: from Molecular Discoveries to Cancer Therapy” presents a thorough up-to-date analysis of kinehore and centromere composition, formation, regulation, and activity, both in mitosis and meiosis, in humans and “model” eukaryotic species, and at natural and mutant neocentromeres. Recently initiated translational research on kinehores is also discussed as kinehores are being mined as a very rich target for the next generations of anti-cancer drugs.