The Eastern European post-communist experience revealed that ethnic tensions could jeopardize the peaceful democratization of ethnically divided societies and could lead to ethnic violence and war. However, in the background of the more turbulent Balkans, and despite the hostile perceptions of ethnic Bulgarians and Turks after 1989 inherited from the communist repression against the Turkish minority (revival process), Bulgaria managed to evolve as a true success story in the challenge to cope with ethnic tensions. Thus the Bulgarian-Turkish interethnic co-operation in post-communist Bulgaria presents an appealing puzzle. Why did the evolution of the successful ethnic model become possible after 1989 despite the forcible assimilation campaign which the communist elite launched (1984-1985) against the Turkish minority, and which polarized Bulgarian society along ethnic lines? The book traces, reveals and evaluates the relational web of internal and external factors that contributed to the evolution of the successful post-communist Bulgarian ethnic model from the interethnic confrontation triggered by the traumatic legacy of the revival process.