This book analyses the transformation of consumer law and policy in Europe from 4 perspectives: , the temporal transformation, i.e., changes that can be tracked from the turban of the millennium; , the substantive dimension, i.e., changes in the scope of the rights and remedies provided by consumer law, as well as the underpinning values; , the institutional dimension, i.e., changes in the role of national courts, national Parliaments, consumer agencies, and consumer organisations; and , the procedural element, i.e., the shift from individual enforcement via courts to enforcement by public regulators, consumer associations, alternative dispute resolution, and the development of collective enforcement exercised by consumer agencies and/or consumer organisations. With contributions by leading consumer law scholars from across Europe, this book is a fascinating account of how consumer law has often been shaped by national as much as European interests.